A Comparison Study of Early and Late French Immersion Programs in British Columbia
Mots-clés :
French immersion, early immersion, second-language learning, French language proficiency, British ColumbiaRésumé
Cet article présente les conclusions d'une étude comparative des compétences linguistiques et des attitudes des élèves de 7e année inscrits tôt ou plus tard dans des programmes d'immersion en français dans trois districts scolaires de la Colombie-Britannique. Des comparaisons statistiques au sein de chaque district révèlent que, dans un seul d'entre eux (district C), les élèves qui ont été inscrits tôt dans un programme d'immersion ont, par rapport aux élèves inscrits plus tard, des résultats nettement meilleurs tant pour ce qui est des arts du langage en français que de la compréhension du français. Dans les autres districts, les élèves inscrits tôt ont obtenu de bien meilleurs résultats que les élèves inscrits plus tard au niveau de la compréhension du français mais non des arts du langage en français. Dans un district (district A), il n'y avait pas de différences significatives quant aux attitudes entre les élèves inscrits tôt ou plus tard, tandis que dans les deux autres districts, les élèves inscrits tôt dans le programme d'immersion avaient des attitudes plus positives par rapport à leurs études que les élèves inscrits plus tard. Les résultats de cette étude réalisée en Colombie-Britannique corroborent certaines des différences dévoilées par des études entreprises ailleurs au Canada entre les élèves inscrits tôt ou plus tard dans des programmes.
Références
Adiv, E. (1980, November). A comparative evaluation of three French immersion programs: Grades 10 and 11. Paper presented at the Fourth Annual Convention of the Canadian Association of Immersion Teachers, Winnipeg.
Burstall, C., Jamieson, M., Cohen, S., & Hargreaves, M. (1974). Primary French in the balance. Windsor, UK: NFER.
Carroll, J. B. (1975). The teaching of French as a foreign language in eight countries. New York: John Wiley.
Centre for Research and Consultation [CERCO] (1983). The French immersion research project, Manitoba, 1983. Winnipeg: Ministère de l'Éducation du Manitoba, Bureau de l'Éducation Française.
Clément, R., Smythe, P. C., & Gardner, R. C. (1976). Échelle d'attitudes et de motivations reliées à l'apprentissage de l'anglais, langue seconde. Canadian Modern Language Review, 33, 5–26.
Day, E. M., & Shapson, S. M. (1983). Elementary French immersion programs in British Columbia: A survey of administrators, teachers, and parents. Part I: Summary of findings; Part II: Detailed findings. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Education, B. C. French Study.
Day, E. M., Shapson, S. M., & Rivet, M. (1985). Examiner's manual. British Columbia French speaking test: Grade 7. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Education, B. C. French Study.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Gardner, R. C., Smythe, P. C., Clement, R., & Gliksman, L. (1976). Second-language learning: A social psychological perspective. Canadian Modern Language Review, 32, 198–213.
Genesee, F. (1978a). A longitudinal evaluation of an early immersion school program. Canadian Journal of Education, 3(4), 31–50.
Genesee, F. (1978b). Is there an optimal age for starting second language instruction? McGill Journal of Education, 13, 145–154.
Genesee, F. (1978–1979). Scholastic effects of French immersion: An overview after ten years. Interchange, 9, 20–29.
Genesee, F. (1984). French immersion programs. In S. Shapson & V. D'Oyley (Eds.), Bilingual and multicultural education: Canadian perspectives (pp. 33–54). Avon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Genesee, F., & Morcos, C. (1978). A comparison of three alternative French immersion programs: Grades 8 and 9. Montreal: Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal, Instructional Services Department.
Gray, V. (1981). Evaluation of the grade six French immersion programme in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, Psychology Department.
Gray, V. (1985). Evaluation of the grade nine French immersion programme in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, Psychology Department.
Kaufman, D., Shapson, S. M., & Day, E. M. (1982). An evaluation study of the summer language bursary program. Canadian Journal of Education, 7(3), 62–83.
Krashen, S., Long, M., & Scarcella, R. (1979). Age, rate and eventual attainment in second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 13, 573–582.
Lapkin, S., & Swain, M. (1984). Final report on the evaluation of French immersion programs at grades 3, 6, and 9 in New Brunswick. Toronto: OISE.
Lapkin, S., Swain, M., Kamin, J., & Hanna, G. (1983). Late immersion in perspective: The Peel study. Canadian Modern Language Review, 39, 182–206.
Morrison, F., & Pawley, C. (1985). French speaking proficiency of Ottawa area immersion students at the grade 12 level. CAIT News, 8(3), 20–21.
Morrison, F., Pawley, C., & Bonyun, R. (1982). After immersion: Ottawa and Carleton students at the secondary and post-secondary level. Evaluation of the second language learning (French) programs in the schools of the Ottawa and Carleton Boards of Education. Ninth Annual Report. Ottawa: Ottawa Board of Education.
Morrison, F., Walsh, M., Pawley, C., & Bonyun, R. (1979). French proficiency of grade 8 primary- and late-entry immersion students, Ottawa and Carleton Boards. French Working Paper #131. Ottawa: Ottawa Board of Education.
Pawley, C., & Walsh, M. (1980). French proficiency and general achievement of grade 8 students in primary- and late-entry immersion, Carleton and Ottawa. French Working Paper #135. Ottawa: Ottawa Board of Education.
Shapson, S. M., & Day, E. M. (1982a). A longitudinal evaluation of an early immersion program in British Columbia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 3, 1–16.
Shapson, S. M., & Day, E. M. (1982b). A comparison study of three late immersion programs. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 28, 135–148.
Shapson, S. M., & Day, E. M. (1984). Evaluation study of the grade 3 early and grade 7 early and late French immersion programs in British Columbia. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Education, B. C. French Study.
Stern, H. H. (1976). Optimal age: Myth or reality? Canadian Modern Language Review, 32, 283–294.
Swain, M. (1978). French immersion: Early, late or partial? Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 577–585.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (1982). Evaluating bilingual education: A Canadian case study. Avon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
La Revue canadienne de l’éducation utilise la licence CC BY-NC-ND de Creative Commons.
