Job Skills and Schooling: A Class Analysis of Entry Requirements and Underemployment
Mots-clés :
job skills, schooling, class structure, entry requirements, underemploymentRésumé
Cet article cherche à montrer comment le processus d'éducation reproduit la structure de classe à l'intérieur de la force de travail ontarienne en général, en portant une attention particulière à la division entre le travail intellectuel et le travail manuel. La littérature portant sur les niveaux de compétence de travail est passée en revue, et les exigences requises en matière d'éducation que l'on retrouve dans les formulaires de demande d'emploi sont isolées des autres aspects reliés aux compétences de travail. Le maintien d'une division marquée entre le travail d'employés(ees) gestionnaires de niveau intermédiaire considéré comme intellectuel et celui de travailleurs prolétaires considéré comme manuel est, de façon opérationnelle, considéré comme fondamental à la reproduction de la structure de classe des économies capitalistes avancées. Les données fournies par une étude ontarienne menée en 1984 portant sur des comptes rendus de la part d'employés(ees) de ce que sont les exigences requises dans les demandes d'emploi et le niveau d'éducation et sur le niveau de congruence entre exigences et réalisations sont analysées pour l'ensemble du marché du travail et pour les divers types d'emploi. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il y a sans doute eu peu de fait en Ontario ces dernières décennies afin de mettre à jour, au niveau des exigences requises sur les formulaires de demande d'emploi, le niveau global d'éducation à la hausse, et que la marge entre les employés(ees) gestionnaires de niveau intermédiaire et les travailleurs prolétaires pour ce qui est des exigences post-secondaires demeure considérable. Même si le niveau d'éducation est appelé à dépasser les exigences requises surtout chez les plus jeunes employés(ees), l'incidence d'une telle incongruence entre le niveau d'éducation et les exigences requises en matière d'emploi semble se répéter aux différents niveaux d'emplois. Donc, à tout le moins si on s'attarde aux exigences requises sur les formulaires de demande d'emploi, la division entre travail intellectuel et manuel semble jusqu'à maintenant s'être reproduite au niveau du marché du travail.
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