The Campaign for Compulsory Education in Manitoba
Keywords:
compulsory education, Manitoba, educational history, school attendance, public educationAbstract
A number of explanations covering the full range of ideological positions have been offered concerning why governments chose to introduce compulsory education measures in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper examines the development of that issue in Manitoba where, over a period of twenty-six years, it attracted considerable discussion and was given a thorough public airing. In no other Canadian jurisdiction did anything approaching the intensity of the debate take place; however, social perspectives which shaped views held by Manitobans reflected those held elsewhere in the country between 1890 and 1916. Indeed they may still have some relevance in an age when compulsory schooling receives so little critical examination.
Metrics
References
Artibise, Alan F. J. Winnipeg: A social history of urban growth, 1874-1914. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1975.
Bercuson, David Jay. Confrontation at Winnipeg. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1974.
To Canadianize foreigners. Manitoba Free Press, May 20, 1909, p. 4.
The Catholic city schools. Manitoba Free Press, March 23, 1900, p. 2.
Catholic schools. Manitoba Free Press, May 28, 1900, p. 6.
Children's aid and school attendance. Manitoba Free Press, January 30, 1906, p. 2.
Compulsory education. The Voice, March 12, 1906, p. 4.
Compulsory education. Western School Journal, April 1906, 1, 1-2.
Compulsory law is needed in Winnipeg. Winnipeg Tribune, June 27, 1912, p. 8.
Cook, Ramsay. Church, schools, and politics in Manitoba, 1903-1912. In Craig Brown (Ed.), Minorities, schools, and politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969.
Donnelly, Murray S. Dafoe of the Free Press. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1968.
Draft of compulsory education bill. Manitoba Free Press, January 18, 1906, p. 5.
Education of Galicians. Manitoba Free Press, January 3, 1902, p. 10.
Empire day. Educational Journal of Western Canada, May 1902, 4, 71.
Empire day. Western School Journal, May 1907, 2, 1.
Finlay, W. N. Compulsory education. Western School Journal, January 1906, 1, 4-6.
French wiped out. Manitoba Free Press, February 12, 1890, p. 4.
Genuine compulsory measure compared with spurious one. Manitoba Free Press, February 21, 1914, p. 15.
Grant, John Webster. The Church in the Canadian era. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1972.
Henley, Richard N. The compulsory education issue and the socialization process in Manitoba's schools: 1897-1916. Unpublished Masters dissertation, University of Manitoba, 1978.
Hon. Dr. Thornton states value of bill introduced. Manitoba Free Press, January 18, 1916, pp. 1; 3.
Hopkins, J. Castell (Ed.). Canadian annual review (13 vols.). Toronto: The Annual Review Publishing Co. Ltd., 1902-1914.
Immigration. Farmer's Advocate and Home Magazine, December 1905, 1921.
Industrial patriotism. Western School Journal, June 1909, 4, 208-209.
Lehr, John C. The government and the immigrant: Perspectives on Ukrainian block settlement in the Canadian West. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 1977, 9, 42-52.
Manhood suffrage discarded. Manitoba Free Press, June 20, 1900, p. 10.
Manitoba Department of Education. Annual Report, 1891; 1904; 1909; 1913; 1916.
Manitoba. Statutes of Manitoba, 1913-1914. Winnipeg: King's Printer, 1915.
Manitoba Orangemen. Manitoba Free Press, March 6, 1890, p. 8.
McDonald, Neil. Canadian nationalism and north-west schools, 1884-1905. In Alf Chaiton, & Neil McDonald (Eds.), Canadian schools and Canadian identity. Toronto: Gage Educational Publishing Ltd., 1977.
More light on Manitoba's so-called "Trauncy Act." Manitoba Free Press, December 8, 1913, p. 13.
Morton, W. L. Manitoba: A history. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957.
Morton, W. L. Manitoba schools and Canadian nationality. In Craig Brown (Ed.), Minorities, schools, and politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969.
Morton, W. L. The west and the nation, 1870-1970. In A. W. Rasporich, & H. C. Klassen (Eds.), Prairie perspectives 2. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada Ltd., 1973.
Muir, Ada. Compulsory education. The Voice, October 19, 1906, p. 6.
Norrie, Kenneth H. The national policy and the rate of prairie settlement: A review. Journal of Canadian Studies, Fall 1979, 14, 63-76.
Orangemen favor compulsory education. Manitoba Free Press, March 7, 1910, p. 3.
Pampallis, John. An analysis of the Winnipeg public school system and the social forces that shaped it. Unpublished Masters dissertation, University of Manitoba, 1979.
Parental laxity general in city. Manitoba Free Press, January 1, 1914, p. 11.
The premier refuses relief. Manitoba Free Press, June 20, 1900, p. 6.
Public Archives of Manitoba. Manitoba Debates, 1907.
Russia has compulsory education. Manitoba Free Press, February 7, 1911, p. 4.
Schofield, F. H. Some half-truths. Educational Journal of Western Canada, October 1899, 1, 165-167.
The schools. Winnipeg Tribune, August 27, 1908, p. 4.
School board insisted upon compulsory law. Manitoba Free Press, February 27, 1914, p. 11.
Schools reopen this morning. Manitoba Free Press, January 4, 1905, p. 5.
Technical education. The Voice, April 7, 1916, p. 1.
Thompson, John Herd. The harvests of war. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, Ltd., 1978.
Tribune trumps. Winnipeg Tribune, May 29, 1914, p. 2.
"Truancy Act" compared with real compulsory law. Manitoba Free Press, January 6, 1914, p. 11.
Tyack, David B. Ways of seeing: An essay on the history of compulsory education. Harvard Educational Review, August 1976, 46, 355-389.
Walker will not father the bill. Manitoba Free Press, February 22, 1906, p. 5.
War notes. The Eye-Witness, July 11, 1905, p. 1.
The western school journal. Western School Journal, January 1906, 1, 1-3.
Woodsworth, J. S. Strangers within our gates. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1972. (Originally published 1909.)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Canadian Journal of Education follows Creative Commons Licencing CC BY-NC-ND.
