Impacts de la participation à des groupes de pairs structurés sur la persévérance des étudiants de cycles supérieurs : revue systématique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.6663Mots-clés :
modalité structurée de groupe de pairs, persévérance, étudiants de cycles supérieursRésumé
La reconnaissance des facteurs sociaux contribuant à la persévérance des étudiants des cycles supérieurs (ÉCS) — tel le soutien entre pairs — a mis en évidence des limites inhérentes à la supervision individuelle. Ainsi, la littérature décrit plusieurs modalités structurées de groupes de pairs (MSGP) — tels le mentorat ou le tutorat de groupe, la supervision de groupe et le groupe de rédaction structuré — comme compléments à la supervision individuelle. À l’aide du protocole PRISMA, l’équipe de recherche a répertorié 13 études, majoritairement qualitatives, dans l’objectif de mettre en lumière les effets de la participation à une MSGP sur la persévérance des ÉCS, d’explorer les explications potentielles de ces effets, et de contribuer à l’élaboration d’un modèle préliminaire reflétant ses mécanismes. L’analyse des articles a permis de regrouper les bénéfices des MSGP sur la persévérance des ÉCS en trois volets, soit le soutien pédagogique, social et psychologique. Elle a également mis en évidence certaines caractéristiques des MSGP apparaissant comme facteurs d’influence de leur efficacité, soit les caractéristiques du groupe, des rencontres et des contenus abordés. Cette revue de littérature se conclut avec une discussion à propos de l’utilisation actuelle des MSGP dans le milieu universitaire ainsi que des recommandations pour les recherches futures, comme l’utilisation d’études quantitatives.
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