Discursive Decoys: The Legitimation of Homophobia and Transphobia, Educational Neutrality, and Teacher Deprofessionalization in Mainstream Media’s Coverage of the “Parental Rights” Movement in Manitoba
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.6933Keywords:
Parental Rights, Critical Discourse Analysis, Transphobia, Homophobia, DeprofessioanalizaitonAbstract
In the 2023 provincial election in Manitoba, the Progressive Conservative Party (PC) committed to enhancing “parental rights” in education if elected for a second term. This article examines the way the PCs’ campaign materials, surrounding media coverage, and responses from provincial public education partners legitimized the underlying discourses of the “parental rights” movement. This movement endorses the erasure and harm of 2SLGBTQIA+ students and community members, disregards and undermines children’s rights, and privileges the perspectives of particular parents. Using critical discourse analysis, we outline the way that homophobic and transphobic discourses are legitimized through the coverage of this campaign. We also outline the ways that neutrality is weaponized in order to secure heteronormativity in schools. Moreover, we reveal the ways that teachers are villainized (criminalized) in order to advance “parental rights” claims. By putting discursive tactics on display, this article reveals the way that power is operationalized and secured.
Metrics
References
Anderson, S. L. (2023). “Divisive concepts” legislation reaching into Tennessee secondary classrooms has “chilling effect” on teachers. Multicultural Perspectives, 25(3), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2023.2257250
Ball, S. J. (2003). The teacher’s soul and the terrors of performativity. Journal of Education Policy, 18(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093022000043065
Ball, S. J. (2016). Neoliberal education? Confronting the slouching beast. Policy Futures in Education, 14(8), 1046–1059. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210316664259
Baxter, D. (2023, September 21). Politically motivated movement using LGBTQ+ as scapegoat, says advocate. Winnipeg Sun. https://winnipegsun.com/news/provincial/political-motivated-movement-using-lgbtq-as-scapegoat-says-advocate
Bialystok, L. (2017). My child, my choice? Mandatory curriculum, sex, and the conscience of parents. Educational Theory, 68(1), 11–29. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/78899
Butler, J. (2024). Who’s afraid of gender? Alfred A. Knopf Canada.
Canadian Press. (2024, March 13). Parental consent should be required for student pronoun changes: Manitoba Tories. Winnipeg Sun. https://winnipegsun.com/news/provincial/parental-consent-should-be-required-for-student-pronoun-changes-manitoba-tories
Carter, M. (2008). “Debunking” parents’ rights in the Canadian constitutional context. The Canadian Bar Review, 86(3), Article 3. https://cbr.cba.org/index.php/cbr/article/view/4085
D’Amico, D. (2019, December 11). How teachers advocating for their students could backfire. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/12/11/how-teachers-advocating-their-students-could-backfire/
Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Longman.
Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis and critical policy studies. Critical Policy Studies, 7(2), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2013.798239
Fowler, M. M., & Mountz, S. (2024). Discipline, erasure, and silenced subjectivities: A critical discourse analysis of Florida’s 2022 Parental Rights in Education Act. Affilia, 39(1), 24–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/08861099231197164
Ganshorn, H. (2024). Connecting the dots between extreme ideologies, “parent choice” and education privatization in Alberta and Canada. Critical Education, 15(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.14288/ce.v15i2.186885
Gilbert, J. (2014). Sexuality in school: The limits of education. University of Minnesota Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt7zw6j4
Giroux, H. (2013). Neoliberalism’s war against teachers in dark times. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 13(6), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708613503769
Goldberg, A. E., Abreu, R. L., & Flores, A. R. (2024). Perceived impact of the Parental Rights in Education Act (“Don’t Say Gay”) on LGBTQ+ parents in Florida. The Counseling Psychologist, 52(2), 224–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/00110000231219767
Goncalves, M. S. O., Langrock, I., LaViolette, J., & Spoon, K. (2024). Book bans in political context: Evidence from US schools. PNAS Nexus, 3(6), 197. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae197
Gowriluk, C. (2023, May 1). Southern Manitoba libraries battle defunding attempts over sex-ed content in children’s books. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-library-challenges-1.6826643
Grumet, M. R. (1988). Bitter milk: Women and teaching. University of Massachusetts Press.
Gutmann, A. (1987). Democratic education. Princeton University Press.
Herriot, L., Burns, D. P., & Yeung, B. (2018). Contested spaces: Trans-inclusive school policies and parental sovereignty in Canada. Gender and Education, 30(6), 695–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2017.1396291
Hodson, D. (2009). Putting your money where your mouth is: Towards an action-oriented science curriculum. Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education, 1(1). https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/jaste/article/view/21984
Holyk, A. (2023, October 22). “We can’t have that here in Manitoba”: Rallies speak out both for and against 2SLGBTQ+ inclusion. CTV Winnipeg. https://www.ctvnews.ca/winnipeg/article/we-cant-have-that-here-in-manitoba-rallies-speak-out-both-for-and-against-2slgbtq-inclusion/
Hornbeck, D. (2023). Navigating parental rights: A study of Virginia’s model policies on transgender student treatment. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 31. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.8166
Journell, W. (2018). Should marriage equality be taught as controversial post-Obergefell v. Hodges? Teachers College Record, 120(8), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811812000
Kemp, C. (2023, May 11). Grandmother calls on Brandon School Division to remove LGBTQ and sexual education books. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/brandon-book-removal-lgbtq-1.6839336
Kumashiro, K. K. (2012). Bad teacher! How blaming teachers distorts the bigger picture. Teachers College Press.
Lesko, N. (2012). Act your age! A cultural construction of adolescence. Routledge.
Lett, D. (2023, September 15). Opinion: Tories’ platform tilts precariously on ‘parental rights.’ Winnipeg Free Press. https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/2023/09/15/tories-platform-tilts-precariously-on-parental-rights
Macintosh, M. (2023, September 21). Seven Oaks students absent amid ‘fearmongering’ social media drive. Winnipeg Free Press. https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/2023/09/21/seven-oaks-students-absent-amid-fearmongering-social-media-messages
Macintosh, M. (2024, March 15). The ‘rights’ fight. Winnipeg Free Press. https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/2024/03/15/the-rights-fight
MacLean, C. (2023, August 17). Manitoba PCs promise expanded parental rights in schools if re-elected. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-pcs-promise-expanded-parental-rights-in-schools-if-re-elected-1.6939489
Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth. (2004). Senior 1 and senior 2 physical education/health education: A foundation for implementation. https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/physhlth/foundation_s1-2/full_doc.pdf
Manitoba Education and Early Childhood Learning. (2018). Supporting transgender and gender diverse students. https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/docs/support/transgender/index.html
Martindale, N. (2024, March 25). Meeting and defeating hate where it stands. The Manitoba Teachers’ Society. https://www.mbteach.org/mtscms/2024/03/25/meeting-and-defeating-hate-where-it-stands/
Mayo, C. (2021). Distractions and defractions: Using parental rights to fight against the educational rights of transgender, nonbinary, and gender diverse students. Educational Policy, 35(2), 368–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904820983033
McRae, E. G. (2018). Mothers of massive resistance: White women and the politics of white supremacy. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271718.001.0001
Nash, C. J., & Browne, K. (2021). Resisting the mainstreaming of LGBT equalities in Canadian and British Schools: Sex education and trans school friends. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 39(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654419887970
Orr, A., Baum, J., Brown, J., Gill, E., Kahn, E., & Salem, A. (2015). Schools in transition: A guide for supporting transgender students in K–12 schools. American Civil Liberties Union. https://www.aclu.org/publications/schools-transition
Parker, L. (2019). Deconstructing growing success: A critical discourse analysis of Ontario’s assessment policy. Critical Education, 10(14), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.14288/ce.v10i14.186326
Pawlewicz, D. D. A. (2020). Blaming teachers: Professionalization policies and the failure of reform in American history. Rutgers University Press.
Pitzer, H. K. (2008). No Child Left Behind or every teacher under surveillance? Revealing patriarchal ideologies of surveillance and control. UCLA: Center for the Study of Women. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rq9p31g#author
Prentice, A.-E. (2023, September 20). Manitoba demonstrators clash at legislature over LGBTQ2 school policies. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/9974713/manitoba-demonstrators-clash-at-legislature-over-lgbtq2-school-policies/
Rogers, R. (2004). An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education. In R. Rogers (Ed.), An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education (pp. 1–18). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ross, E. W., & Vinson, K. D. (2013). Resisting neoliberal education reform: Insurrectionist pedagogies and the pursuit of dangerous citizenship. Cultural Logic: A Journal of Marxist Theory & Practice, 20, 17–45. https://doi.org/10.14288/clogic.v20i0.190890
Samyn, P. (2023, September 23). Parental rights not a new rallying cry. Winnipeg Free Press. https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/editorials/2023/09/23/parental-rights-not-a-new-rallying-cry
Santoro, D. A. (2021). Demoralized: Why teachers leave the profession they love and how they can stay. Harvard Education Press.
Schneider, J., & Berkshire, J. (2021, October 21). Parents claim they have the right to shape their kids’ school curriculum. They don’t. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/parents-rights-protestskids/2021/10/21/5cf4920a-31d4-11ec-9241-aad8e48f01ff_story.html
Shaker, E. (2023, June 23). “Parental choice” is a dog-whistle—Let’s recognize it as such. The Monitor. https://monitormag.ca/articles/parental-choice-is-a-dog-whistle-lets-recognize-it-as-such/
Shaker, E., & Milton, J. (2023, September 29). Anti-trans school panic is about controlling kids. The Monitor. https://monitormag.ca/articles/anti-trans-school-panic-is-about-controlling-kids/
Short, D., & MacDougall, B. (2021). Making the case. UBC Press. https://www.ubcpress.ca/making-the-case
Shulman, J. (2014). The constitutional parent: Rights, responsibilities, and the enfranchisement of the child. Yale University Press.
Smyth, J. (2012). Problematizing teachers’ work in dangerous times. In B. Down & J. Smyth (Eds.), Critical voices in teacher education: Teaching for social justice in conservative times (pp. 13–27). Springer Science & Business Media.
Stefanson, H. [@HStefansonMB]. (2023, August 17). You raised them and nurtured them. So who better than you—As parents—To know what’s best for your child as you send them off to school? [Post]. X. https://x.com/HStefansonMB/status/1692315814781767710
Tucker, T. (2023). Dangerous reading: How socially constructed narratives of childhood shape perspectives on book banning. Public Library Quarterly, 43(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2023.2232289
Vagle, M. D. (Ed.). (2012). Not a stage! A critical re-conception of young adolescent education (1st ed.). Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers.
Vissing, Y. (2023). How to talk with and about children as human rights holders. In Y. Vissing (Ed.), Children’s human rights in the USA: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 553–573). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30848-2_21
Wilkinson, L., & Pearson, J. (2009). School culture and the well-being of same-sex-attracted youth. Gender & Society, 23(4), 542–568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243209339913
Woodrow, H. (2023, October 4). “I own my children”: The parental rights movement and how to challenge it. Canadian Anti-Hate Network. https://www.antihate.ca/_i_own_my_children_the_parental_rights_movement_and_how_to_challenge_it
Zimmerman, J. (2022). Whose America? Culture wars in the public schools (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Zwaagstra, M. (2023, September 22). Anti-parental rights rhetoric undermines public education. The Winnipeg Sun. https://winnipegsun.com/opinion/zwaagstra-anti-parental-rights-rhetoric-undermines-public-educations
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Canadian Society for the Study of Education

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Canadian Journal of Education follows Creative Commons Licencing CC BY-NC-ND.